1. Which of the following is a result of reduced levels of red blood cells and elevated levels of white blood cells in the body?

1. Which of the following is a result of reduced levels of red blood cells and elevated levels of white blood cells in the body?

a. Efficiency of oxygen transport is reduced due to an infection. 

b. Efficiency of nutrient transport is reduced due to an infection.

c. Efficiency of oxygen transport is reduced, but not due to an infection.

d. Efficiency of nutrient transport is reduced, but not due to an infection.

2. In anatomical terms, proximal points towards a location towards the center of the body, while distal points towards a location away from the center of the body. Using these terms, what effect will wrapping a tight band around the arm for a period of time have on blood flow? 

a. It will increase blood pressure both proximal and distal to the band.

b. It will increase blood pressure proximally from the band.

c. It will decrease blood pressure both proximal and distal to the band.

d. It will decrease blood pressure proximally from the band.

3. A person’s blood plasma is free of any antibodies which would cause red blood cells to clump. This person has blood type 

a. AB

b. A

c. B

d. O

4. A(n)____________ can withstand high blood pressure due to the thickness of its __________ and __________.  

a.vein; smooth muscle; elastin 

b. vein; smooth muscle; tunica intima 

c. artery; smooth muscle; elastin 

d. artery; valves; tunica externa

5. Anemia is a condition in which there is an abnormally low amount of hemoglobin. Which component would be reduced in a person who is anemic?

a. A

b. B

c. C

d. D

6. What are capillaries composed of?

a. Endothelial cells of the tunica externa

b. Endothelial cells of the tunica intima

c. Smooth muscle cells of the tunica externa

d. Smooth muscle cells of the tunica intima

7. Which of the following occurs when blood vessels dilate?

a. Increase in blood pressure

b. Decrease in blood pressure

c. Increase in blood volume 

d. Decrease in blood volume

8. The wave with the arrow on the electrocardiogram corresponds to which event? 

a. Atrial depolarization 

b. Atrial repolarization 

c. Ventricular depolarization 

d. Ventricular repolarization

9. Which of the following blood vessels would have the highest blood pressure?

a. A dilated vessel with high blood volume

b. A constricted vessel with high blood volume

c. A dilated vessel with low blood volume 

d. A constricted vessel with low blood volume

10. In which part of an electrocardiogram would it be evident that one of the ventricles of the heart was not repolarizing properly?

a. P wave

b. Q wave

c. R wave

d. T wave

11. Contrast the tissues layers present in an artery versus a vein. In your answer, compare the thickness of the three tunica layers. (short paragraph)

12. The following is an excerpt from the study “It’s All Greek to Me,” where Dr. Williams is explaining Nikloleta’s disease to her parents: “You both have a much milder form of anemia. Unfortunately, Nikoleta’s condition is more severe. Nikoleta has what is known as beta-thalassemia, which is also called Cooley’s anemia … there are two types of hemoglobin proteins involved in the process of carrying oxygen, alpha and beta. You need both of them in order to have properly working hemoglobin. Nikoleta’s beta proteins don’t function correctly.” If it were possible to treat Nikoleta’s anemia with a blood transfusion, what component of the blood would she most benefit from, and whom should the blood transfusion come from? Explain. (short paragraph)

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