Briefly describe the making of the modern state of Russia. Then summarize the structure of the government, including both the state and the legislature

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Briefly describe the making of the modern state of Russia. Then summarize the structure of the government, including both the state and the legislature. What aspects of the economy and society are significant influences on the politics of the state? What does the future look like for Russia. (Note: we have all read the chapter, so keep this part of the forum brief. Focus on what you think is most important for your analysis)

Part 2:

What do you see as positive and negative aspects of the system of government of Russia. Why do you feel this way and what are you comparing it to? Is there anything that you think should be implemented by governments of other countries or aspects that others should be cautioned away from? (Note: This is the most substantive part of the forum assignment. Critically analyze the information from this weeks reading.)

Explain how this global societal issue impacts a specific population.

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Prepare: In preparation for this discussion, make a list of what you learned most throughout this process, as well as difficulties you may have encountered along the way.

Reflect Icon

Reflect: Think about what you have learned in the development of your research findings on the global societal issue you chose in the Week 1 discussion, your proposed solution and its ethical outcomes, and share with your classmates why this specific issues requires further research.

Write Icon

Write: For this discussion, you will address the following prompts:

Identify the global societal issue you have chosen to research for your Final Paper, an argumentative essay, and explain why further research on this topic is important.

Provide a clear and concise thesis statement that includes a solution to the global societal issue (see Writing a Thesis Statement (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. for assistance).

Explain how this global societal issue impacts a specific population.

Locate a peer-reviewed scholarly source and provide statistical data that you found surprising on the topic.

Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length, which should include a thorough response to each prompt. You are required to provide in-text citations of applicable required reading materials and/or any other outside sources you use to support your claims. Provide full reference entries of all sources cited at the end of your response. Please use correct APA format when writing in-text citations (see In-Text Citation Helper (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.) and references (see Formatting Your References List (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.).

Carefully review the Grading Rubric (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your journal.

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Purpose: The primary goal of this weekly assignment is to enable you to understand the revision process and revise your paper with the help of a writing specialist.

Prepare:

Step 1: Prepare a shortened version of your Final Paper (at least four pages) by including the following:

Introduction paragraph and thesis statement you developed for your Week 3 Assignment.

Background information of the global societal issue you have chosen.

Brief argument supporting at least two solutions to the global societal issue.

Conclusion paragraph.

Must document any information used from at least five scholarly sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s Citing Within Your Paper (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. Note that you will need at least eight scholarly sources for your Final Paper in Week 5.

Step 2: After you have completed a rough draft of your paper, submit that draft to the Ashford Writing Center by using the instructions found in the Paper Review (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. page. Your paper will be returned within 24 hours, so give yourself enough time to complete and submit it prior to the due date.

Reflect: Carefully review the revision letter and the margin comments that you see on your returned paper. Consider each of the suggestions provided to help you to revise your paper.

Write:

What You Need to Submit to Waypoint:

Submit a copy of the feedback within your rough draft that you received from the writing specialist.

Submit the journal assignment answering the following questions in at least 400 words:

Identify the top three issues your writing specialist focused on in your rough draft (e.g., paragraph structure, proper use of quotations, thesis statement, etc.).

In what ways were those issues surprising?

Describe what you learned from some of the feedback your writing specialist provided as explanations.

Was this feedback helpful?

Evaluate the usefulness of the paper review tool.

In what ways did this activity improve your academic writing skills?

Will you use the Ashford Writing Center to review your work in the future? Why or why not?

The journal part of the assignment does not need to be formatted in APA style; however correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation is required.

Carefully review the Grading Rubric (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your journal.

Social Equity as the Fourth Pillar of Public Administration, Access to Affordable Housing for Disadvantaged Populations

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topic

Social Equity as the Fourth Pillar of Public Administration, Access to Affordable Housing for Disadvantaged Populations

Instructions

Please read the attachment; this is text from the textbook. Also, add about two more sources.

2 to 3 paragraphs discussing the relevant course and current external research (and past where relevant)

1 paragraph for lessons-learned related to the relationship between government organizations and the minority populations that they serve.

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Explain the different functions that the U.S. Congress performs as discussed in the film.

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Explain the different functions that the U.S. Congress performs as discussed in the film.

The Founding Fathers of this country intended for the Legislative Branch to be the most powerful branch of the government because they had an intrinsic mistrust of anything resembling the monarchy and fought hard to dissociate themselves from it. Congress is fabricated with politicians who directly represent the citizens of the United States of America. They also have the power to make laws. Most of our government agencies, such as the IRS, exist because of the laws that Congress enacted. They also have the authority to allocate funds to the military and government agencies. Since World War II, the United States of America Congress has often chosen to give more money to the army above another government agency or program. Finally, they have the power to judge and or impeach any high-ranking officials such as the President if they commit a misdemeanor or high crime. Cook, R. (Producer). (2007).

◦ Explain why some aspects of the U.S. Congress are democratic and some aspects are not democratic.

There are many different reasons as to why some aspects of the U.S. Congress are democratic and others are not. One is a strong theory of perks of incumbency in Congress, which have grown in the past two decades, which created a situation where incumbents cannot be beaten except under the most extreme of circumstances. Since the Democratic Party has more incumbents and controls the system of power and perks, it has been able, by dramatically increasing the incumbent advantage, to institutionalize its majority, insulating it from normal political pressures and, in effect, mesmerizing voters to a point where they couldn’t hear an alternative message even if they wanted to. Proof for this contention comes from success rates from incumbent House members, the growing number of House members winning elections with 60%,65%, or 70% of the vote or more (The Permanent Democratic Congress. (n.d.).

REFERENCES

Cook, R. (Producer). (2007). Congress: How it works

(Links to an external site.)

Links to an external site.

[Video file]. Retrieved from https://secure.films.com/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?token=49121&aid=18596&plt=FOD&loid=0&w=400&h=340

The Permanent Democratic Congress. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://ashbrook.org/publications/the-permanent-democratic-congress/

Explain what political parties or individual candidates can do to strategically increase or decrease the C term. Do you see this strategy being used today?

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This is a class discussion post that needs to be approximately 2-5 paragraphs in length.

***Discussion Post should be followed accordingly each question asked needs to be answered.

********I will post the students response below. With the Student response it should be 1-2 paragraphs in length reply to the students disccusion.

********************Discussion Post*****************

R = PB + D – C

This formula is presented within the Alrich reading for this week. This is Downs’ famous calculus of voting formula, with modifications by Riker and Ordeshook.

1) Explain each of the formula’s terms in your own words.

2) Give one real-world example of the C term.

3) Explain what political parties or individual candidates can do to strategically increase or decrease the C term. Do you see this strategy being used today?

*Note: Reaction posts should be approximately 2-5 paragraphs in length.

************************ Student Response***************************

R represents the overall gain or reward the voters gets from actually voting. If this is positive, then you should vote and if it is not then you should not vote. P represents how likely it is that your one vote will count toward the overall outcome of the election. B is the benefit that the voter receives from the more preferred candidate being elected. D is the reward that the voter gets or feels from participating in the election and being a part of our government process. C is the actual cost of voting, which can be the value of one’s time or the actual cost of gas and the registration process.

I believe a good example of the “C” term is the cost to go vote. Much of our population works typical business hours and finding the time to go vote is difficult. While all citizens are afforded the ability and right to go vote, some people simply can’t afford to give up the hours lost from working in order to possibly stand in long lines and vote. Thus, this could make one’s “C” value much higher than another’s.

I think that political parties can strive to retain positive images for themselves and not sway to dramatically on their ideology. This in turn will benefit individual candidates because like the reading stated, these candidates benefit from affiliation with major parties and this is less expensive in the long term for them. The candidates can then use this value of being affiliated with a major party and spend money in the areas where they may differ slightly from the party or where they are trying to reach the people in the “sway group” of our populous. I believe this strategy as a whole is used all of the time and that contributes further to our issue of only having a two-party system. With the current state of our political arena it is simply too costly for an independent candidate to support a long term and highly visible campaign.

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Describe your experiences using resources, including concerns encountered when conducting academic research through the Ashford University Library. Areas of concern may include developing a research strategy, using the search function within a database, or evaluating sources.

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Prepare: Knowing how to thoroughly research a topic is extremely important while achieving your education. You may be asked to support your information with peer-reviewed scholarly resources, but how can you find this type of resource? The Ashford University Library allows you to search through different avenues to find the requested types of resources. You can narrow your search by the author, year published, title, subject, and by indicating what type of resource you are looking for. You even have access to a librarian if you need some guidance in finding more resources on your topic.

Reflect: Given that you have been in college for awhile, it’s time to reflect on what you have learned through the use of the Ashford University Library in relation to how you learned to acquire new information from a variety of sources.

Write: This week, you will take the Standardized Assessment of Information Literacy Skills (SAILS) Exam. This exam is not graded, and your results are anonymous. The exam will exit from your screen immediately after completion, and you will not receive feedback or results. This is a nationally-normed, standardized exam for students in universities all over the United States. The results of this assessment will guide Ashford University in developing the best possible library resources and research methodologies training. Results will be published (in aggregate) on Ashford’s assessment website. Your participation is voluntary, so thank you if you choose to participate. Click on the link in your online course to access the SAILS Exam (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

In a two- to three-paragraph response with each paragraph consisting of five or more sentences,

Describe your experiences using resources, including concerns encountered when conducting academic research through the Ashford University Library. Areas of concern may include developing a research strategy, using the search function within a database, or evaluating sources.

Explain how using the Ashford University Library has improved your experience in conducting research. For example, you could identify and explain how specific tutorials that you have used have helped improve your ability to conduct research.

The Information Literacy Assignment

Must include at least two paragraphs (of at least five sentences each) that respond to the two prompts, and that are formatted according to APA style (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

Must include a separate title page (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. with the following:

Title of paper

Student’s name

Course name and number

Instructor’s name

Date submitted

Running header with page numbers

Must have no more than 15% quoted material in the body of your essay based on the Turnitin report.

A reference page (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. must be used when citing specific sections and/or tutorials of the Ashford Writing Center.

Examine the personal aspects of public leadership and professional ethics.

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Assignment 4: Public Leadership Presentation

Due Week 10 and worth 150 points

Condense information from Assignments 1, 2, 3, and additional criteria in order to develop a creative and appealing PowerPoint presentation.

Incorporate the professor’s feedback from Assignments 1, 2, and 3 in order to proficiently develop Assignment 4.

Use the basic outline below as headers for your presentation. Organize your responses to each question (except Questions 1, 2, and 8) under the following slide headings:

Role of the Chief of Staff (for Question 3)

Public Leadership Theory (for Question 4)

Public Leadership Styles (for Question 5)

Public Leadership Trends (for Question 6)

Our Government Leadership (for Question 7)

Create a ten to twelve (10-12) slide presentation in which you:

Create a title slide and references section (as indicated in the format requirements below).

Narrate each slide, using a microphone, indicating what you would say if you were actually presenting in front of an audience. Note: If you do not have access to a microphone, then you should provide detailed speaker notes with your presentation.

Briefly summarize your role as Chief of Staff and the task the City Manager had charged you with regarding the Public Leadership Academy.

From the specific leadership theories that you had reviewed in the previous assignments, determine one (1) theory that best fits the mission of the Public Leadership Academy. Provide a rationale to support your answer.

From the styles that you had discussed in the previous assignments, determine two (2) styles that best fit the mission of the Public Leadership Academy. Provide a rationale to support your answer.

Predict three (3) public leadership trends that you believe will be particularly significant within the next decade.

Based on your responses in Questions 4-6, prepare an argument that convinces the City Manager to adopt the leadership theory and style(s) that best fit the mission of the Public Leadership Academy. Provide support for your argument.

Include at least four (4) peer-reviewed references (no more than five [5] years old) from material outside the textbook. Note:Appropriate peer-reviewed references include scholarly articles and governmental Websites. Wikipedia, other wikis, and any other websites ending in anything other than “.gov” do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Include a title slide containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The title slide is not included in the required slide length.

Include a reference slide containing the sources that were consulted while completing research on the selected topic, listed in APA format. The reference slide is not included in the required slide length.

Format the PowerPoint presentation with headings on each slide, two to three (2-3) colors, two to three (2-3) fonts, and two to three (2-3) relevant graphics (photographs, graphs, clip art, etc.), ensuring that the presentation is visually appealing and readable from eighteen (18) feet away. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.

Slides should abbreviate the information in no more than five or six (5 or 6) bullet points each.

Slide titles should be based on the criteria being summarized (e.g., “Four Key Attributes,” “Responses to Budget Issues,” etc.).

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

Evaluate the theories and models of public leadership.

Differentiate among the styles of public leadership.

Determine the role of public leadership in influencing the operations of public organizations and decisions of public administrators.

Analyze how public leadership influences the various levels of public administration and public service.

Examine the personal aspects of public leadership and professional ethics.

Differentiate between leadership roles in a public administrative environment versus a private administrative role.

Use technology and information resources to research issues in public leadership and conflict resolution.

Write clearly and concisely about issues in public leadership and conflict resolution using proper writing mechanics.

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Identify your question, briefly summarize your chosen author, and then identify whether you will agree or disagree with the author.

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choose one of the following articles to write this paper:

Hobbes, Leviathan, Chapters 13-14

Locke, Second Treatise On Government, Chapters 1-5

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract, Book 1

John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, Chapter 1 and 2

Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Dedication, Intro, and Chapter 1

Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex, Introduction

Karl Marx, “Alienation of labor” from the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts

W.E.B. DuBois, The Souls of Black Folk, Chapter 1

W.K. Clifford, “The Ethics of Belief” (PDF)

For your final essay, you will again begin by reporting the view of one of our philosophers, but you may choose which argument or topic you will discuss, after which you will again consider an objection and a reply. It should be clear how this assignment, like the previous two essays, will help students advance toward the course goals. You will be asked to demonstrate familiarity with the course material (Goal 1), to identify an argument in the text (Goal 2), to report it clearly and precisely (Goal 3), and to engage with it productively (Goal 4).

In short, this assignment will help you to improve further those skills we have been practicing all semester. Instructions before you write: First, choose your author. You may choose any argument found in our assigned readings from the third unit, which includes Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Mill, Wollstonecraft, Beauvoir, Marx, DuBois, Singer, or Clifford.

Second, select one of the arguments that your author presents. For example, you could choose one of the social contract arguments from Hobbes, Locke, or Rousseau; you could choose the argument against censorship from Mill, or the argument for women’s equality from Wollstonecraft, or the argument that capitalism dehumanizes workers, or the argument that women or African-Americans bear a special burden in society from Beauvoir or DuBois.

Next, try to formulate the question that the author you have chosen is trying to answer. If you know what the author’s conclusion is, you should be able to state explicitly (maybe even more explicitly that the author ever did) a question that the argument seems to be trying to answer. The question might be: on what is the legitimacy of the sovereign (or the government) based? Or, what is the most rational form of social contract? Or, does capitalism dehumanize workers? Or, should women be granted the same rights as men? And so on. Decide your own view concerning your chosen argument. Try to write out your own view in a single sentence, called a thesis statement. This thesis statement should be a direct and clear answer to the question you have just formulated. You may find that you agree with one of our authors. That’s fine; you will therefore be backing them up, adding your support to their argument. You may also chose to disagree with one of our authors, in which case you should try to provide a clear alternative answer to the question. Only now should you begin writing your paper. Once you begin writing: Paragraph One: Introduce the topic, your chosen author, and your main thesis. What question do you take yourself to be answering? With what author will you be engaging primarily? What is that author’s main view concerning the question you are discussing? And what view will you be taking on the question? Paragraph Two and Three (and perhaps Four): The argument from your chosen author (with which you will later agree or disagree). Paragraph Four or Five: Consider an objection to your author’s view. If you disagree with your author, then this objection should be your own. If you agree with your author, then this objection should be from another author or from an imagined objector Paragraph Five or Six: Imagine a reply from the original author (or from yourself, if you agree with the original author). Last Paragraph or Two: Evaluate the debate and explain your own view. Why do you agree or disagree with the original author? What are the reasons you have for agreeing or disagreeing with the chosen author? Which argument is stronger? This will likely be at least six or seven paragraphs. Remember, though: I am more concerned that you demonstrate progress toward the course goals (the spirit of the assignment, one might say) than if you follow the letter of the assignment. In brief, your third and final essay should include the following: 1. A preview of what you will do. Identify your question, briefly summarize your chosen author, and then identify whether you will agree or disagree with the author. 2. Your chosen author’s argument, presented at length 3. An objection to the author’s argument (either your own or from someone else) 4. A final evaluation of the debate. Who wins? Why?